What is OPT and how do I apply to work in the USA after graduation?

Optional Practical Training (OPT) is a temporary work authorisation programme for F-1 students that allows you to work in the USA in a job related to your field of study.

Two types of OPT:

Pre-completion OPT: Work while still enrolled (part-time during school, full-time during breaks). Counts against your 12-month limit.

Post-completion OPT: Work after graduation — up to 12 months in any STEM or non-STEM field.

STEM OPT Extension: If your degree is in a STEM field (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics), you can extend OPT by an additional 24 months, for a total of 36 months. Your employer must be E-Verify certified.

How to apply for post-completion OPT:
1. Request a new I-20 with OPT recommendation from your Designated School Official (DSO) at least 90 days before graduation
2. File Form I-765 (Application for Employment Authorization) with USCIS
3. Apply up to 90 days before your programme end date, or within 60 days after
4. Current USCIS processing time: 3–5 months — apply early (paper filing is slower; e-filing available)
5. Fee: $410

While waiting for your EAD card (Employment Authorization Document):
You can start work on OPT up to 90 days into the waiting period using your I-20, OPT approval notice, and passport — check your OPT start date.

STEM OPT Extension: Apply 90 days before your initial OPT expires. Requires an employer-signed Form I-983 Training Plan.