What are the rules for maintaining F-1 student status in the USA?

Maintaining your F-1 status is critical — losing it can require you to leave the USA or apply for reinstatement, which is not guaranteed. Here are the key rules:

1. Enrol full-time every semester
Full-time is typically 12 credit hours per semester for undergrads, 9 for graduate students. You must be enrolled unless on an approved leave or vacation.

Exceptions: Final semester (if fewer credits complete your degree), medical reduced load (DSO authorises), or academic difficulty reduced load (limited, DSO must authorise).

2. Make normal academic progress
You must complete your degree within the timeline on your I-20. Extensions require your DSO to update your I-20 with a legitimate reason.

3. Notify your DSO of any address change within 10 days
F-1 students must update their address in SEVIS within 10 days of moving.

4. Do not work without authorisation
Any off-campus work without CPT or OPT authorisation violates your F-1 status. On-campus work must stay at or below 20 hours/week during semesters.

5. Keep your passport valid
Maintain a valid passport. If your passport is about to expire, renew it — you can do this at your country's Embassy in the USA.

6. Travel with a valid I-20
When re-entering the USA after international travel, have a current I-20 signed by your DSO (within the last 12 months) and a valid F-1 visa.

7. Follow any programme conditions
Certain programmes have specific requirements (e.g., language programmes require a certain schedule).

If you fall out of status: Reinstatement through USCIS (expensive, time-consuming, not guaranteed) or departure and re-entry may be options. Consult an immigration attorney immediately.