Do I need to speak German to study in Germany?

Not necessarily — it depends on your programme and institution:

German-language programmes:
Most German universities teach in German. For these programmes, you typically need:
- TestDaF (Test Deutsch als Fremdsprache): Level 4 in all four skills (minimum TDN4, often TDN4-5 required)
- DSH (Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang): Level 2 or 3
- Goethe Certificate: C1 or C2 level
- Some universities accept alternative qualifications

English-language programmes:
The number of English-language degree programmes at German universities has grown significantly:
- Master's in English are common, especially in STEM, engineering, and business
- Bachelor's in English are rarer at public universities but exist
- Search the DAAD database (daad.de) for English-taught programmes

For English-language programmes:
Prove English proficiency (IELTS 6.0–7.0, TOEFL 80–100, or equivalent). No German required for admission.

Practical reality of living in Germany with no German:
Even in English-language programmes, daily life in Germany is conducted in German. Learning at least basic German before and during your studies is strongly recommended:
- Some government offices do not have English-speaking staff
- Landlords and flatmates often prefer German speakers
- A1–B1 German level makes daily life significantly easier

Studienkolleg (Foundation year):
If your secondary qualification (e.g., Indian 12th standard, Nigerian WAEC) is not directly recognised for German university admission, you attend a Studienkolleg — a 1-year preparatory course, usually taught in German.