Optional Practical Training (OPT) is how most F-1 students turn a US degree into US work experience. Here is how the standard and STEM extensions fit together in 2026.
Standard OPT: 12 months
Post-completion OPT gives you up to 12 months of work authorization in a field related to your degree. You file Form I-765 with USCIS: you can submit up to 90 days before your program end date, and you must file within 60 days of your DSO entering the OPT recommendation in SEVIS. You cannot begin work until your EAD card is approved, and time spent unemployed during OPT is capped at 90 days.
STEM OPT: 24 more months
If your degree is on the DHS STEM list, you can apply for a 24-month extension, taking the total to 36 months. To qualify:
- Your employer must be enrolled in E-Verify;
- You and the employer complete a Form I-983 training plan;
- Your program's CIP code must appear on the official DHS STEM list.
If you file the extension on time and your initial OPT expires while it is pending, your work authorization is automatically extended for up to 180 days. Aggregate unemployment across the whole STEM period is limited (about 150 days in total).
Why the timing matters
OPT and STEM OPT are the bridge to the H-1B work visa, which is capped and awarded by lottery. The “cap-gap” rule can extend your F-1 status and work authorization if you have a pending or approved H-1B petition with an October start. Missing an OPT or STEM deadline can cost you months of eligibility, so plan every filing early with your DSO.
OPT rules and fees are set by USCIS and change — confirm current requirements and the I-765 fee on uscis.gov before filing.